Science diplomacy in an era of disruption

 

In 2010, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the Royal Society published New frontiers in science diplomacy, which contributed to the rapid spread of the concept throughout the international scientific community. High-profile conferences and training programs now centre around the concept, international scientific leaders and high-level diplomats use the term regularly, and many countries have adopted strategies for national science diplomacy.

Despite its continued utility, in recent years this conceptual framework has felt increasingly tied to the era in which it was written. Fifteen years after the publication of New Frontiers, scientific progress is outpacing government regulation, power is more widely dispersed with leading scientific nations across the globe, the traditional idea of a diplomat is evolving with supranational companies practicing their own forms of statecraft, the balance between openness and security is more precarious, and conflict around the globe has called the role of science diplomacy into question. All in all, we live in a new, more disruptive era that more than ever calls for actors to understand how they can use science diplomacy as a tool.

That is why AAAS and the Royal Society have come together to publish Science diplomacy in an era of disruption (PDF), which seeks to update the framework for science diplomacy so that we can hope to meet these new challenges, and adapt to those yet to come.

The new framework: 

  • Emphasises that science diplomacy is a tool used to achieve a nation or organization’s diplomatic objectives, which can be perceived as positive or negative
  • Delves into the broader landscape of key players, including how industry is using science diplomacy to further their business interests
  • Highlights the need for awareness of national security risks in scientific collaborations and clarity regarding the roles and objectives of scientists and diplomats
  • Shifts from a theoretical to a more practical framework with two dimensions: how science impacts diplomacy and vice versa 

The report draws on over a year of evidence gathering, including a range of high-level dialogues, international scientific meetings, and a joint special issue of the publication Science & Diplomacy (see below). We would like to thank all those who participated, and hope that this new report proves useful to all those interested and working in the world of science diplomacy.

A high-level roundtable held at the Royal Society which considered what science diplomacy means in today’s world, and in what ways it needs to be reframed.

Science diplomacy 15 years on - discussion paper

Science diplomacy 15 years on - roundtable summary final

On 3 May 2024, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the European Commission, the Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator (GESDA) and the Royal Society convened a satellite event at the INGSA conference in Kigali, to consider how the core concepts of science diplomacy should be updated to help address pressing global issues effectively. Participants were asked to consider how the scientific and diplomatic landscapes have changed and how the concept of science diplomacy should evolve to reflect this changing environment. 

The Future of Science Diplomacy - Kigali, May 2024

This dialogue sought to explore this concept amid a rapidly changing global landscape, highlight how higher education institutions (HEIs) and similar stakeholders are adopting it, and outline some recommendations for future collaboration so that together they can use it to help shape a future where international relations, higher education and research are most effectively optimised to address the critical global challenges facing the world today. It brought together 40 leaders from 16 different countries from sectors including higher education, research funders, government, diplomacy, industry, national scientific academies, and other organisations to discuss these and related issues in what is intended to be the beginning of an ongoing conversation.

Knowledge diplomacy - the role of international higher education in a new geopolitical era 

Co-hosted by Sudip Parikh, Chief Executive Officer of AAAS, this session focused on the changing scientific and diplomatic landscapes and what that means for science and technology diplomacy moving forward. The discussion addressed the role of science and technology diplomacy in meeting governmental objectives, how international scientific collaboration may be impacted by the complex geopolitical environment, and how science and technology diplomacy can be utilized in the global commons.

Science and Technology Diplomacy - Kyoto, October 2024

To mark the 15 year anniversary of New Frontiers in Science Diplomacy, AAAS and the Royal Society held an open call for perspectives on the future of science diplomacy. Including a range of perspectives from every continent, the special issue had 21 contributions and a wide range of diverse voices and views.

Science Diplomacy - 15 Years On

This session examined the nuanced relationship between science diplomacy and the broad objectives of the International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development (IDSSD). It provided an overview of how science diplomacy operates and its critical role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Emphasizing the IDSSD, the discussion underscored the importance of this initiative in fostering global scientific cooperation and bolstering diplomatic relations. The session aimed to showcase how international collaborations in science, exemplified by research infrastructures like ICTP or SESAME as well as policy advisory bodies like IPCC or IPBES, can significantly advance diplomatic and sustainable development agendas by promoting peace, prosperity, and planetary health.

World Science Forum - Budapest, November 2024