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Energy storage: automotive and grids

23 January 2018 09:00 - 17:30

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Energy is of immense societal importance, pervading all areas life, and high performance energy storage systems will be essential in developing a sustainable future economy. As such, energy storage systems represent a key area of scientific and engineering endeavour now and in the future. There is great potential for next generation technologies to change the way we live and disrupt existing industries, generating new start-up companies and economic opportunities for the UK and elsewhere.

Realising the potential for energy storage systems across all aspects of our modern economy and society requires transformational science and engineering closely allied with industry and government. This conference will look at the fundamental advances necessary to “move the dial” in performance and cost, how breakthroughs are pulled through innovation into commercialisation, and the policy issues related to advancing energy storage for automotive and grids.

Attending this event

This conference aims to bring together national and international leaders in energy storage systems and is intended for participants from across academia, industry and government.

Contact the Industry team for more information.

About the conference series

The conference is part of the Society's Transforming our future conference series, launched to address the major scientific and technical challenges of the next decade and beyond. Each conference will focus on one topic and will seek to cover key issues, including:

  • The current state of the key industry sectors involved
  • The position of the UK and how it can benefit from the technology
  • The future direction of research
  • The challenges faced in turning research into commercial success
  • The skills base needed to deliver major economic scientific advances
  • The wider social and economic impacts

The conferences are a key component of the Society’s five-year Science, Industry and Translation initiative which demonstrates our commitment to reintegrate science and industry at the Society and to promote science and its value by connecting academia, industry and government.

Organisers

  • Professor Peter Bruce FRS

    Peter Bruce is Wolfson Professor of Materials at the University of Oxford. His research interests embrace materials chemistry and electrochemistry, with a particular emphasis on energy storage. Recent efforts have focused on the synthesis and understanding of new cathode materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries, understanding processes in all solid-state batteries and the challenges of the lithium-air battery. His pioneering work has provided many advances.

    Peter has received numerous awards, including the Tilden Prize of the RSC, the Carl Wagner Award of the ECS, the Liversidge Award of the RSC and the Hughes Medal of the RS. He has also been recognised as a Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate Analytics each year since 2015.

    Peter is a founder and Chief Scientist of the Faraday Institution, the UK centre for research on electrochemical energy storage. Peter took up the position of Physical Secretary and Vice President of the Royal Society in 2018.

  • Professor Clare Grey FRS, University of Cambridge, UK and Stony Brook University, USA

    Clare P Grey is the Geoffrey Moorhouse-Gibson Professor of Chemistry at Cambridge University and a Fellow of Pembroke College Cambridge. She received a BA and DPhil (1991) in Chemistry from the University of Oxford.  After post-doctoral fellowships in the Netherlands and at DuPont CR&D in Wilmington, DE, she joined the faculty at Stony Brook University (SBU) as an Assistant (1994), Associate (1997) and then Full Professor (2001 – 2015).  She moved to Cambridge in 2009, maintaining an adjunct position at SBU. She was director (2009 – 2010) and associate director (2011 – 2014) of the Northeastern Chemical Energy Storage Center, a DOE Energy Frontier Research Center. Recent honours/awards include the Research Award from the International Battery Association (2013), the Royal Society Davy Award (2014), the Arfvedson-Schlenk-Preis from the German Chemical Society (2015), the Société Chimique de France, French-British Prize (2017) and the International Solid State Ionics Galvani-Nernst-Wagner Mid-Career Award (2017), of which she is the first recipient. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 2017 has been elected as a Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Science and Fellow of the Electrochemical Society. Her current research interests include the use of solid state NMR and diffraction-based methods to determine structure-function relationships in materials for energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), conversion (fuel cells) and carbon capture.

  • Dr Ralf Speth KBE FREng, Jaguar Land Rover

    Ralf Speth was appointed to the post of Chief Executive Officer at Jaguar Land Rover on February 18, 2010. Prior to this appointment, he was Head of Global Operations at the international industrial gases and engineering company, The Linde Group. Ralf Speth started his business career at BMW leaving after 20 years to join Ford Motor Company's Premier Automotive Group (PAG). He earned a Doctorate of Engineering and is an Industrial Professor at the University of Warwick.  He has also been awarded a Fellowship of the Royal Academy of Engineering. Born in Roth, Germany, he is married with two daughters.

  • Professor Nigel Brandon OBE FREng, Imperial College London

    Professor Nigel Brandon is an electrochemical engineer whose research interests are focussed on the science and engineering of electrochemical devices for energy applications, in particular fuel cells, batteries and electrolysers. He is Director of the Sustainable Gas Institute at Imperial College London, addressing the challenges and role of natural gas in the energy system, Director of the EPSRC funded Hydrogen and Fuel Cell SUPERGEN Hub, and Co-Director of the Energy SuperStore Hub. He is a founder of the fuel cell company Ceres Power, has published over 170 papers, and holds 15 patents. He has been awarded the Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal for his contribution to fuel cell engineering leading to commercial exploitation, and the ASME Francis Bacon Medal for his contribution to fuel cell science, engineering and education.

     

  • Dr Ryan Bayliss, University of Oxford

    Dr Ryan Bayliss is a Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Materials and an Oxford Martin Fellow in the Oxford Martin School at the University of Oxford. Originally trained as a solid-state inorganic chemist his scientific research interests are focused on materials discovery and development of electrochemical devices for energy applications though he retains a broader interest in all aspects of energy, including energy engineering, systems and economics. Prior to joining Oxford, he was a member of the US Department of Energy Battery Hub, the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research based at Argonne National Laboratory looking at beyond Li-ion battery chemistries.

Schedule

Professor Alexander Halliday FRS, Physical Secretary and Vice-President, the Royal Society

Transport energy storage

The Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technology Office (VTO) funds high-reward/high-risk research conducted by national laboratories, universities, and industry – and attempts to develop low-cost and high-performance automotive batteries necessary for the consumer acceptance of electric vehicles (EV) in the marketplace. In 2017, VTO battery R&D funding approached $100 million.  The status of current VTO-funded battery R&D projects will be discussed in this talk and associated R&D issues will be highlighted.. Current battery technology performance is far below its theoretically possible limits and near-term opportunities exist to more than double the battery pack specific energy (250 Wh/kg) and reduce the cost by more than half for lithium-ion technology by using new high-capacity cathode materials, high capacity silicon or intermetallic alloy anodes, or lithium metal battery technology. Further, VTO’s research on extreme fast charging attempts to significantly cut the time that it takes to recharge an EV battery.

David Howell, Deputy Director, Vehicle Technologies Office, U.S. Department of Energy

Energy policy approaches and the energy transition

The energy sector is in a period of unprecedented transition, driven by the forces of decarbonisation, decentralisation, and digitalisation. The recent impact of these forces on the sector will be briefly described. With decentralisation and digitalisation, the roles of participants – suppliers, system operators and consumers – will change, as will the way in which transmission and distribution is managed. New market participants will emerge to take advantage of the opportunities provided by the need to ensure greater system flexibility. The consumer will increasingly become an active participant rather than a passive recipient of energy as a commodity. While this disruption will be most evident across the electricity sector, changes driven by the decarbonisation agenda and the march of technology will be felt strongly also in the buildings and transport sectors. Industrial processes will undergo radical transformation. How will energy storage play into all of this? What roles will it play and how quickly will it scale? What policy and regulatory approaches are needed to facilitate the achievement of secure, affordable, and clean energy while incentivising innovation, including in the use of storage? What approaches will best produce an efficiently functioning market with appropriate protection of the consumer?

Joan MacNaughton, CB, The Climate Group

Energy storage and the grid

Dr Jorge Pikunic, Managing Director, Distributed Energy and Power, Centrica

Symbiotic systems for renewable energy generation and storage

By collocating machines and support systems, system inputs and outputs can be shared with the potential to reduce overall system cost thereby helping to enable adoption of environmentally friendly systems.  In particular, the oceans represent a vast resource (and challenge) for humanity:  Offshore wind turbines can harvest wind energy, and their base structures can also serve as platforms for aquaculture systems, systems to harvest scarce minerals from seawater, and wave energy systems.  Excess power from solar PV and wind turbines can feed pumped storage hydropower systems collocated with reverse osmosis plants located near the ocean to provide all the power and fresh water for many coastal regions such as Eilat/Aqaba, eastern UAE, European coastlines, Lima, Los Angeles, Morocco, and northern Iran (including Tehran) for example.  And last but not least, automobiles represent a vast distributed energy storage network that could work in concert with the above and as such provide further motivation to move to an all electric fleet.

Professor Alexander Slocum, Pappalardo Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Faraday’s challenge – Electrochemical energy storage

In 1815 Michael Faraday visited Alessandro Volta in Italy and was presented with a gift of a voltaic pile –  the first battery, the first device to turn chemical energy into an electrical current. Armed with a controllable source of electricity, Faraday embarked on a series of experiments that led to the electrical dynamo and the electrical motor. His practical inventions were seized upon by Maxwell to construct the theory of electromagnetism, which itself has been the foundation of most of modern physics and technology. 

However, the availability of cheap fossil fuels and the challenges of building low cost electrical storage systems gave combustion engines a century of dominance that is only now coming to an end. Battery manufacturers have announced a 6-fold increase in capacity by 2025, predominantly for electric vehicles, but also for the electricity grid. As this science-driven technology matures, the impact of cheap, clean, efficient, mobile power will echo throughout the economy. 

Despite its venerable history, electrochemical technology is still immature. Electrochemistry must manipulate materials and chemical reactions on the nanoscale, yet its products are manufactured by the ton. A battery is a complex device with multiple components that is more complex than an integrated circuit, but has to be produced on scales vastly larger than a silicon fab. The fundamental components of a battery – anode, cathode, electrolyte, control system – can be chosen from a vast palette of chemistries, but the complicated interplay that makes a functioning device will emerge only after the pieces are joined together at a point very distant from the fundamental invention. 

To accelerate the transition to an electrically powered sustainable economy will require mission-driven, multi-disciplinary research at scale, which is focussed on very specific major challenges, and in seamlessly translating breakthroughs into innovation and commercialisation.

Professor Peter Littlewood FRS, Argonne National Laboratory, USA

Chemical energy storage

We will begin by defining what chemical energy storage is and how does it differs from other forms of energy storage.  We will look at the thermodynamics of chemical energy storage, including chemical heat pumps, and the selection of suitable chemical processes for a range of applications.  The concept of exergy will be introduced and the importance of thermodynamic reversibility discussed.  We will look at overall chemical energy storage processes and show how it is important to look at material and energy balances in order to gain insight.  We will study the example of methanol production from combustion flue gas as a case study.  The importance of handling, distribution and energy densities of chemical energy storage media will be emphasised.  Optimal strategies for energy integration using tools such as pinch technology will be discussed.

Professor Ian Metcalfe, Professor of Chemical Engineering, Newcastle University

Thermal energy storage technologies in a sustainable UK energy future

The empirical evidence from recent trends and decisions in the UK suggests that renewables, and (possibly) nuclear, will play an important role in delivering the national vision for a sustainable, decarbonised and secure energy system. The transition towards such a system will be associated with increased levels of generation intermittency and can benefit from increased generation flexibility and demand response. In both cases, this can be enabled by a higher penetration of energy storage technologies. Thermal energy storage can be used to store both heat (directly) and electricity (by including conversion processes), and can be employed across scales and in both distributed and centralised applications. Following an overview of thermal-energy storage options, this talk will delve briefly into interesting details of their implementation in a selection of diverse applications, ranging from small-scale distributed thermal-energy storage in homes, buildings and district heating/cooling networks, to large-scale renewable-electricity storage as well as thermal-energy storage as a means of increasing the flexibility of power stations. Arising opportunities and challenges will be highlighted.

Dr Christos Markides, Reader in Clean Energy Processes, Imperial College London

Lab to market

Dr Jeffrey Chamberlain, CEO, Volta Energy Technologies

Battery storage in the GB power market

Dr Ben Irons, Executive Director, Aurora Energy Research

Energy markets regulation

Chris Brown, Head of Core and Emerging Policy, Energy Systems, Ofgem

Energy policy research

Accelerating the development and deployment of energy technologies is a pressing challenge from environmental, economic and security perspectives.  Technologies that facilitate reliable and affordable stationary and mobile energy storage have been identified as important components of our future energy system. This talk will first outline the crucial role of public policy fostering innovation in energy technologies, and in particular in energy storage. It will then present research on the role of public funding for R&D energy storage has as part of a portfolio of funding for energy technologies. Finally, the talk will describe what we know about the effectiveness of various types of national-level energy R&D policies involving the private sector. While much of the international academic and policy conversation on energy innovation in the wake of the 2015 COP-21 Paris Agreement has focused on the size of public investments in energy, this talk will conclude with thoughts about ‘how.’

Professor Laura Diaz Anadon, Professor of Climate Change Policy, University of Cambridge

Professor Peter Bruce FRS