Quantum Information

19 - 20 February 2025 09:30 - 17:00 Online Free Watch online
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Two spheres joined by a beam of light

On 19-20 February 2025, the Royal Society will hold a conference on the future of quantum-based computing, networks and sensing systems.

The United Nations has proclaimed 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. This conference aims to contribute to the year-long celebrations of quantum science and its applications. 

Over two days, industry leaders, top scientists and key public sector stakeholders will convene to highlight advances and prospects in quantum innovation and consider the scientific and technical challenges facing the field. Discussions will focus on the future of quantum information processing and related technologies, examining what support is needed to scale existing technologies and which predictions for the future are both ambitious and realistic.

Transforming our future conferences

This conference forms part of the Royal Society's industry-focused Transforming our future series. These unique meetings feature cutting-edge science and bring together experts from industry, academia and government to explore and address key scientific and technical challenges of the coming decade.

Organisers

  • Professor Martin Dawson FRS

    Professor Martin Dawson FRS

    Martin Dawson is professor and director of research at the University of Strathclyde’s Institute of Photonics, which he helped establish almost 25 years ago. Since 2012 he has also been the inaugural Head of the Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics (Fraunhofer CAP) in Glasgow. Martin has contributed broadly to laser and semiconductor research including ultrafast lasers, optically-pumped semiconductor lasers, diamond photonics and micro-LEDs, the latter of which is now emerging globally as a new form of commercial display technology. He holds fellowships of the IEEE, OSA, Institute of Physics and Royal Society of Edinburgh, and he has been awarded the Dennis Gabor Medal and Prize of the IOP and the Aron Kressel Award of the IEEE.

  • Professor Elham Kashefi

    Professor Elham Kashefi

    Elham Kashefi (FRSE) is a Professor of Quantum Computing at the University of Edinburgh and CNRS Director of Research at Sorbonne Universite and NQCC Chief scientist. She has pioneered transdisciplinary research on the structure, behaviour, and interactions of quantum technology, from formal and foundational aspects all the way to actual industrial use-case delivery (co-founder of VeriQloud). Kashefi's research team innovates across a broad range of platforms (photonic, superconducting, ion trap) with an integrated software research programme (simulation, modelling and benchmarking) delivering impact in quantum computing (machine learning, cryptanalysis) and quantum networks (quantum cryptography, quantum cloud computing) in a certifiable way (provable security and verification of computation).

  • Professor Jonathan Matthews

    Professor Jonathan Matthews, School of Physics, University of Bristol, UK

    Jonathan Matthews is a Professor of Quantum Photonics and Co-Director of The Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories at the University of Bristol, where he leads a quantum enhanced sensing activity. His early research efforts focused on integrated quantum photonics, e.g. silica waveguides to control photonic quantum states for primitive quantum information demonstrators and higher refractive index contrast waveguide arrays for multi-photon quantum walks. His current efforts focus on discrete and continuous variables strategies to perform quantum sensing and imaging, and the development of CV capabilities in silicon photonics.  His research is supported by an EPSRC early career fellowship, an ERC starting grant and the Quantic quantum-imaging hub.

  • Professor Roberto Desimone

    Professor Roberto Desimone

    Roberto Desimone has a proven track record both in industry and academia, having pursued research and innovation for over 40 years in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing, especially for applications to military decision-making for command/control and intelligence; global crisis response management/wargaming; cyber/financial threat analysis/mitigation; and dynamic logistics scheduling. He has recently retired from BAE Systems Applied Intelligence, where he led their Strategic Innovation (Disruptive Technologies) programme for over 11 years, and is now consulting on the commercialisation of quantum technology at Plantagenet Systems (founding director). He has a BSc in ElecEng (Bath University, 1978-82), and PhD in AI/Machine learning (Edinburgh University, 1984-87). He pursued postdoctoral applied research in the AI Applications Institute (Edinburgh, 1987-90), and Stanford Research Institute (California, 1990-95), where he worked for DARPA programs for Operation Desert Storm (1991-92). He was also a Royal Society Entrepreneur in Residence (EiR) within the Quantum Engineering Technology Lab at Bristol University (2019-22) and is currently a visiting professor in Quantum Systems Engineering at Loughborough University, and was formerly a visiting professor in AI at Cranfield University (National Defence Academy, Shrivenham, 2002-09). 

  • Professor Leigh Lapworth

    Professor Leigh Lapworth

    Prof Leigh Lapworth is a Rolls-Royce Engineering Fellow specialising in Computational Science with over 30 years’ experience of developing and applying physics-based simulation using High Performance Supercomputers. He led the development of the Rolls-Royce corporate CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Other previous roles include Chief Design Systems Architect and Head of Computational Science. He has led several successful industrial-academic collaborative research projects. The most recent being a pre-exascale EPSRC Prosperity Partnership. Leigh leads the Rolls-Royce Quantum Computing initiative. To date this includes three Innovate UK co-funded projects and a small portfolio of directly funded projects with national and international partners. These focus on algorithms for error corrected computers and the hybrid classical-quantum interface.

    Leigh is a Chartered Mathematician and Fellow of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications and an Honorary Professorial Fellow in Computer Science at the University of Warwick.

Schedule

09:30-09:35 Welcome & opening remarks
Professor Sheila Rowan FRS

Professor Sheila Rowan FRS

University of Glasgow

09:35-09:40 Introduction to keynote
Professor Martin Dawson FRS

Professor Martin Dawson FRS

University of Strathclyde

09:40-10:20 Opening keynote: The first 100 years of quantum

This year we celebrate the UNESCO International Year of Quantum, marking the 100th anniversary of the discovery of quantum mechanics by Heisenberg, Born, Schrödinger, Dirac and colleagues. We now live in a quantum enabled world, with devices powered by quantum mechanics affecting our everyday world (lasers, telecoms, semiconductor chips and much more). But we are now exploiting new technology capabilities enabled by some of the stranger aspects of quantum physics: quantum coherence and entanglement. These new capabilities include novel sensing, timing, imaging and computing, enabling societal benefit from this transformational technology. I will describe the journey from fundamental science to practical realisation. This new era of quantum technologies will transform economies in our digital age and help to address society’s challenges: advancing health care and environmental protection, achieving better land use, supporting financial services and communications and providing extraordinary computing power.

Professor Sir Peter Knight FRS

Professor Sir Peter Knight FRS

National Physical Laboratory & UK National Quantum Technology Programme

10:20-10:30 Q&A

Chair

Professor Elham Kashefi

Professor Elham Kashefi

University of Edinburgh / Sorbonne University / National Quantum Computing Centre

10:30-10:35 Introduction to Session 1
Professor Elham Kashefi

Professor Elham Kashefi

University of Edinburgh / Sorbonne University / National Quantum Computing Centre

10:35-10:50 The question of quantum advantage in analogue and digital quantum simulation

In parallel to rapid developments in quantum computing hardware, highly controlled quantum systems are being applied as analogue quantum simulators to study problems of interest in many-body physics. How do these approaches compare? Under which conditions can the answers we get out be qualitatively reliable? And where can they provide answers to questions we cannot address with simulation on classical computers? I will address this comparison, and ask where we might expect to obtain a practical quantum advantage for simulation of quantum systems, together with which approaches we might take towards these problems in the early fault-tolerant era of quantum computing.

Professor Andrew Daley

Professor Andrew Daley

University of Oxford

10:50-11:05 Talk 2
Professor Kristel Michielsen

Professor Kristel Michielsen

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH

11:05-11:15 Q&A

Chair

Professor Jennifer E. Hastie

Professor Jennifer E. Hastie

University of Strathclyde

11:45-11:50 Introduction to Session 2
Professor Jennifer E. Hastie

Professor Jennifer E. Hastie

University of Strathclyde

11:50-12:05 Quantum computers need (huge) classical computers

To build useful quantum computers we are going to need a huge amount of classical computing – from microwave signal generation to real-time decoding for quantum error correction. I’ll review why, what the classical compute is doing and the implications for achieving useful quantum computing at a price point that makes sense.

Dr Steve Brierley

Dr Steve Brierley

Riverlane Ltd

12:05-12:20 Talk 2
Dr Richard Murray

Dr Richard Murray

ORCA Computing

12:20-12:35 Talk 3

The ability to solve classically intractable problems defines the transformative value of quantum computing, offering new tools to redefine industries and address complex humanity challenges. Quantinuum’s hardware is leading the way in achieving early fault-tolerance, marking a significant step forward in computational capabilities. By integrating quantum technology with AI and high-performance computing, we are building systems designed to address real-world issues with efficiency, precision and scale. This approach empowers critical applications from hydrogen fuel cells and carbon capture to precision medicine, food security, and cybersecurity, providing meaningful insights at a commercial level today.

Dr Elvira Shishenina

Dr Elvira Shishenina

Quantinuum

12:35-12:45 Q&A

Chair

Professor Leigh Lapworth

Professor Leigh Lapworth

Rolls-Royce plc

13:45-13:50 Introduction to Session 3
Professor Leigh Lapworth

Professor Leigh Lapworth

Rolls-Royce plc

13:50-14:05 Distributed Quantum Computation via the Entanglement Fabric

2024 was an important year for the Quantum Computing industry. Two major conditions for quantum computation were demonstrated: the ability to create high-fidelity physical qubits, and the ability to perform quantum error-correction on those qubits to achieve even-higher (useful) fidelities. Now that we have achieved high-quality and stable qubits, the only orders-of-magnitude challenge left is scaling: whereas Quantum Processing Units (QPU) will be able to host 1-10k good physical qubits in a single chip or module, for utility, industry consensus is that circa 100k-1M physical qubits will be required. 

This talk will describe how networking of small and robust QPUs to create a large coherent computer via an error-correctable Entanglement Fabric has recently been demonstrated by Nu Quantum to be viable, feasible, and efficient path to scale. This approach - usually referred to as ‘Scale-out’ in classical computation - can offer a predictable engineering roadmap to scale for quantum computation, and eventually for sensing and communications.

Dr Carmen Palacios-Berraquero

Dr Carmen Palacios-Berraquero

Nu Quantum

14:05-14:20 Talk 2
Dr Max Sich

Dr Max Sich

Aegiq

14:20-14:35 The role of metrology in making quantum technologies scale

Different quantum technologies require different scale to be useful. In any case, scale-up is not just a matter of making more qubits, but also a matter of making each of them – and all of them together – well. Metrology has an important role to play in evaluating the performance of quantum technologies all the way from relevant materials to systems. Relevant tests and procedures for the characterization of optical components for use in quantum key distribution systems have already been standardized. Other less mature technologies such as quantum computing also require characterization, benchmarking, and evaluation — both platform-specific and agnostic — to inform development and prioritize investment in supply chains and final products. Among other advancements, this calls for a new generation of in-operando metrology, and I will give examples of relevant work in this direction.

Professor Alexander Tzalenchuk

Professor Alexander Tzalenchuk

NPL & Royal Holloway, University of London

14:35-14:45 Q&A

Chair

Professor Roberto Desimone

Professor Roberto Desimone

Plantagenet Systems

15:15-15:25 Introduction to Panel discussion
Professor Roberto Desimone

Professor Roberto Desimone

Plantagenet Systems

15:25-16:25 Quantum innovation - what support is needed?
Professor Eleni Diamanti

Professor Eleni Diamanti

CNRS & Sorbonne University

Ilyas Khan

Ilyas Khan

Quantinuum

Dr Andrew Shields

Dr Andrew Shields

Toshiba Europe

Chair

Professor Roberto Desimone

Professor Roberto Desimone

Plantagenet Systems

09:30-09:35 Welcome & opening remarks
Professor Elham Kashefi

Professor Elham Kashefi

University of Edinburgh / Sorbonne University / National Quantum Computing Centre

09:35-09:40 Introduction to keynote
Professor John G. Rarity FRS

Professor John G. Rarity FRS

University of Bristol

09:40-10:10 Quantum entanglement and beyond

Quantum entanglement reflects the essential differences between classical and quantum physics. The nonlocality and intrinsic randomness of quantum entanglement not only deepen our understanding of the laws of quantum world, but also give rise to emerging quantum information technologies, including quantum communication and quantum computation, which can ensure secure information exchange and greatly enhance the computing power, respectively. I will introduce how to experimentally test quantum entanglement and how to turn quantum information technology from purely theoretical concepts into reality. Specifically, how to overcome the security loopholes caused by imperfection of realistic devices, how to extend the distance of quantum communication, and how to use the coherent manipulation of multiple qubits to achieve a quantum computer that can surpass classical supercomputers. I will also introduce the future prospects of the global quantum communication network and its new applications in the field of quantum metrology, as well as the development roadmap of quantum computing.

Professor Jian-Wei Pan

Professor Jian-Wei Pan

University of Science and Technology of China

10:10-10:20 Q&A

Chair

Professor Martin Dawson FRS

Professor Martin Dawson FRS

University of Strathclyde

10:20-10:25 Introduction to Session 4
Professor Martin Dawson FRS

Professor Martin Dawson FRS

University of Strathclyde

10:25-10:40 Talk 1
Professor John G. Rarity FRS

Professor John G. Rarity FRS

University of Bristol

10:40-10:55 Quantum learning machines.

Why does AI consume so much energy?  What are the physical constraints on machines that learn? I will discuss the thermodynamics of learning machines with a particular emphasis on experimental implementations using  superconducting circuits and nano electronics.   Quite apart from a thermodynamic advantage, does quantum offer any computational advantage? Current indications suggest that while quantum offers energy efficiency it may not give a computational advantage. I will offer a more optimistic assessment based on recent work in quantum chaos.

Gerard Milburn

Gerard Milburn

The University of Sussex

Chair

Professor Jonathan Matthews

Professor Jonathan Matthews, School of Physics, University of Bristol, UK

11:35-11:40 Introduction to Session 5
Professor Jonathan Matthews, School of Physics, University of Bristol, UK

Professor Jonathan Matthews, School of Physics, University of Bristol, UK

11:40-11:55 Quantum sensing in the life sciences

Quantum sensors based on optically addressable spins in solids and on atomic vapour cells can offer unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution. In recent years, their application to life sciences and the bio-medical field has led to new opportunities and promises to offer dramatically enhanced early diagnosis technologies. In the UK, this effort is accelerating through the newly established Quantum Technologies Hubs. The Q-BIOMED Hub in particular is focused on delivering the quantum-enabled future of early disease diagnosis and treatment. I will present an overview of our Hub, along with some recent highlights of nanoscale quantum sensing from our group in Cambridge. I will also show how very similar devices can be used both for quantum sensing and for quantum simulation applications.

Dr Helena Knowles

Dr Helena Knowles

University of Cambridge

11:55-12:10 What Quantum Technology can still teach us about Foundations

The Year of Quantum celebrates the 100-year anniversary of the initial development of quantum mechanics — a paradigm shift which raised serious questions about our classical understanding of reality. Some of these questions were formalised by John Bell in his famous theorem, which was conclusively validated in favour of “quantum reality” only a decade ago. In this brief talk I will argue that this was not an end but a new beginning for further discovery on the big foundational questions which have been driving quantum technology research and vice versa. I will review several research strands that have plugged away at the question of which classical concepts are ultimately at odds with quantum mechanics and will outline how rapidly improving quantum technology will help us obtain more conclusive answers.

Professor Alessandro Fedrizzi

Professor Alessandro Fedrizzi

Heriot-Watt University

12:10-12:25 Seeing in 3D through an endoscope-like instrument the thickness of a single human hair

Traditional endoscopes use bundles of optical fibres to relay an image, pixel by pixel along their length. Typically these bundles total a few millimetres in diameter, setting a limit to which they perturb the system into which they are inserted. In recent years several groups, including ourselves, have shown it possible to use holographic techniques to shape laser beams in such a way as to create endoscopic systems using only a single optical fibre the width of a human hair, thereby making the endoscope minimally invasive. Moving to the quantum realm we measure the arrival time of individual photons which, knowing the speed of light, allows us to create 3D images giving improved imaging, especially in complicated environments. We are currently working in several application areas with an interest in looking for more, especially those within a clinical setting.

Professor Miles Padgett FRS

Professor Miles Padgett FRS

University of Glasgow

12:25-12:35 Q&A

Chair

Professor Leigh Lapworth

Professor Leigh Lapworth

Rolls-Royce plc

13:35-13:40 Introduction to Session 6
Professor Leigh Lapworth

Professor Leigh Lapworth

Rolls-Royce plc

13:40-13:55 Talk 1
Professor Ashley Montanaro

Professor Ashley Montanaro

Phasecraft

13:55-14:10 Beyond NISQ – what will we find on the pathway to a terra-QuOp?

The speaker will describe the role of National Quantum Computing Centre and its flagship QC testbed programme; its test and evaluation programme, user engagement programme and role in supporting the UK Quantum Missions. The speaker will identify a number of key milestones and ambition for Mission 1: by 2035, there will be accessible, UK-based quantum computers capable of running 1 trillion operations[1] and supporting applications that provide benefits well in excess of classical supercomputers across key sectors of the economy.

Dr Michael N Cuthbert

Dr Michael N Cuthbert

National Quantum Computing Centre

14:10-14:25 Talk 3
Professor Jennifer E. Hastie

Professor Jennifer E. Hastie

University of Strathclyde

14:25-14:35 Q&A

Chair

 Professor Jim Al-Khalili

Professor Jim Al-Khalili

University of Surrey

15:05-15:15 Introduction to Panel discussion
Professor Jim Al-Khalili

Professor Jim Al-Khalili

University of Surrey

15:15-16:15 What is the future of quantum?
Dr Philip Ball

Dr Philip Ball

Freelance writer

Roger McKinlay

Roger McKinlay

UK Research and Innovation

Professor Elham Kashefi

Professor Elham Kashefi

University of Edinburgh / Sorbonne University / National Quantum Computing Centre