Future of scientific publishing conference

14 - 15 July 2025 08:30 - 18:00 The Royal Society Free
Carlton House Terrace

On Monday 14 and Tuesday 15 July 2025, the Royal Society will host a conference chaired by Sir Mark Walport FRS, which will bring together global leaders in scientific publishing and research and innovation to discuss the current state, likely developments and major disruptions possible in scientific publishing in the next 15 years.

The conference will convene key stakeholders from the science and publishing communities to improve mutual understanding, develop shared priorities and foster collaboration.

Attending this event

This in-person invitation only event will be held at the Royal Society. More information will be available soon.

Schedule

Chair

Mark Walport

Sir Mark Walport FRCP FMedSci HonFRSE FRS

The Royal Society

09:30-10:00 Welcome and introduction to project

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) publishing is at the heart of the scientific endeavour. Dissemination of scientific research is essential to allow its scrutiny, circulation and testing as new ideas and knowledge are developed. The success of the research enterprise relies on a globally effective publication system – a system which is now operating in a rapidly changing environment.

The scale and geographic diversity of research is growing, and rapidly developing information technology is transforming the means and efficacy of knowledge dissemination. But not all changes are necessarily positive. The Royal Society’s review of the future of scientific publishing – currently underway – examines how scientific publishing might develop in the next 10-15 years. It aims to address the actions and opportunities that can be implemented to ensure that a globally affordable, efficient and effective publication system can support the scientific endeavour.

This conference forms a part of that review, bringing together global leaders in scientific publishing and research and innovation to discuss the current state, likely developments and major disruptions possible in scientific publishing. It aims to bring together key stakeholders from the science and publishing communities to improve mutual understanding, develop shared priorities, and foster collaboration.

Dissemination of scientific research is critical to the scientific endeavour. The context of scientific publishing is rapidly changing. The Royal Society’s review of the future of scientific publishing examines how the system might develop in the next 10-15 years. This conference forms part of that review.

10:00-10:30 Scientific publishing in a changing world

Scientific publishing has always been shaped by the wider political and economic environment, technological developments, commercialisation, and values and norms related to the purpose of the scientific endeavour and scientific publishing. The historical context provides a basis through which we can understand how journals might develop in the future.

This session aims to describe the significant changes that have happened in scientific publishing over the past 50 years and their impact on the roles and functions of scientific publishing.

Professor Aileen Fyfe FRSE

Professor Aileen Fyfe FRSE

University of St Andrews

Professor Vincent Larivière

Professor Vincent Larivière

Université de Montréal

10:30-11:00 What do researchers need from STEM publishing?

This session aims to explore what researchers at both ends of the career spectrum need from scientific publishing, and the extent to which the current publishing system accommodates these needs.

It will recognise the diverse ways in which researchers engage with the scientific publishing process, as authors, peer reviewers, editors, and users of the research literature.

It also aims to explore the diverse incentives at play for researchers when they engage with scientific publishing and what influences these incentives.

Dr Sophie Meekings

Dr Sophie Meekings

Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellow, University of York & Executive Group member, UK Young Academy

11:00-12:00 What do other stakeholders need from STEM publishing?

Different stakeholders in the publishing system have diverse and sometimes misaligned incentives. Misaligned incentives can complicate the ability to ensure that scientific publishing supports the scientific endeavour.

The aim of this session is to explore what wider stakeholders, such as publishers, libraries, funders, and government need from scientific publishing. It might illuminate some of the tensions between these varied incentives of those directly or indirectly involved in publishing.

Mr Clive Cookson

Mr Clive Cookson

The Financial Times

Dr Amy Brand

Dr Amy Brand

MIT Press

Dr Danny Kingsley

Dr Danny Kingsley

Deakin University Library

Dr John-Arne Røttingen

Dr John-Arne Røttingen

Wellcome Trust

Professor Charlotte Deane MBE

Professor Charlotte Deane MBE

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)

12:00-13:00 Lunch
13:00-14:00 Stewardship of the academic record

To understand how the scientific publishing landscape might change in future, it is necessary to consider the key stakeholders and their roles and impacts in the publishing process.

Stewards of the scholarly record include stakeholders who take part in the traditional publishing process (e.g. publishers, researchers), and those who operate in the research and innovation system that has an impact on scholarly publishing (e.g. regulators, technology companies).

It is difficult to quantify the level of influence of each of these actors as ownership and stewardship of the scholarly record is broad, unknown, and ever-changing. To determine who the stewards of the scholarly record are, it is necessary to understand how key stakeholders contribute to the publishing and research and innovation landscape, but also to understand which companies own different processes and entities.

This session will explore who has responsibility for the academic record. It may discuss who ‘should’ be stewards, and the capacity of different stakeholders to direct the future of scientific publishing.

Sir Mark Walport FRCP FMedSci HonFRSE FRS

Sir Mark Walport FRCP FMedSci HonFRSE FRS

The Royal Society

Mr Jason Priem

Mr Jason Priem

OurResearch

Professor Adam Tickell

Professor Adam Tickell

University of Birmingham

Professor Patrick Chinnery FRS FMedSci FRCPath FRCP

Professor Patrick Chinnery FRS FMedSci FRCPath FRCP

Medical Research Council

Ms Victoria Eva

Ms Victoria Eva

Elsevier

14:00-15:00 The role of people in ensuring a more trustworthy literature

This session aims to explore the role of people, including editors and peer reviewers, in ensuring the quality and integrity of the scholarly record.

Peer review is a fundamental part of scholarly research and dissemination. It aims to ensure that published research is of high quality, to protect against misconduct, and to help to assure the accuracy and validity of research. It is an institutional norm that creates scientific legitimacy and defines the hierarchical structure of both academia and higher education. Peer review also contributes to distributing academic prestige and confers standing on individuals and institutions.

This might include the challenges associated with traditional peer review approaches, for example researcher fatigue and lack of recognition and reward. It could also examine innovations in quality assurance, including both incremental and disruptive changes.

Dr Sven Fund

Dr Sven Fund

Reviewer Credits & fullstopp

Dr Bernd Pulverer

Dr Bernd Pulverer

EMBO

Dr Brandon Stell

Dr Brandon Stell

PubPeer

Dr Elisabeth Bik

Dr Elisabeth Bik

Independent Researcher and Science Integrity Volunteer

Dr Magdalena Skipper

Dr Magdalena Skipper

Nature

15:00-15:30 Afternoon tea
15:30-16:30 Building the technical infrastructure for a trustworthy literature

Researchers use trust signals to establish and develop trust with the public, publishers, industry, and funders. Technology plays an important role in providing these trust signals and ensures that others can evaluate and assess the credibility and integrity of research outputs. This session will explore the role of technical infrastructure in ensuring a more trustworthy literature, and the intersection between technology and the wider research culture.

While the adoption of technology and data for publishing has traditionally been slow, there is a renewed opportunity to embed technology and data to digitise the publishing process. The technical infrastructure can assist with version control, verification of trusted identities, and new forms of meta-analysis and meta-science.

Mr Ian Mulvany

Mr Ian Mulvany

BMJ Group

Dr Hylke Koers

Dr Hylke Koers

STM Solutions

Ms Kaitlin Thaney

Ms Kaitlin Thaney

Invest in Open Infrastructure

Mr Jimmy Wales

Mr Jimmy Wales

Wikipedia

Chair

Mark Walport

Sir Mark Walport FRCP FMedSci HonFRSE FRS

The Royal Society

16:30-17:30 Discussion of key learnings first day

45 mins of plenary discussion to examine takeaways from first day.

09:30-10:30 Disseminating research – moving beyond journals and articles

This session aims to explore if and how we could move beyond the journal as the primary venue for scholarly communication.

To ensure that scientific publishing better supports the scientific endeavour, it may be necessary to adopt emerging and alternative forms of scholarly communication, as current dissemination formats follow the form of the printed journal and do not reflect how modern scientific communities interact with each other and with research.

Changing dissemination formats and the structure that we use to perform journal and dissemination functions could make use of the full potential of innovation and digital tools in publishing, and realise the public good of scientific dissemination.

Dr Roger Schonfeld

Dr Roger Schonfeld

Ithaka S+R

Baroness Alex Freeman

Baroness Alex Freeman

Octopus & University of Cambridge

Dr Richard Sever

Dr Richard Sever

openRxiv

Dr Ijad Madisch

Dr Ijad Madisch

ResearchGate

Professor Ludo Waltman

Professor Ludo Waltman

Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University

10:30-11:30 Research assessment - conflicting incentives and motivations

Scientific publishing has a significant influence and impact on research assessment practices. This session will explore how the journal has been tied to individual and institutional prestige. It will examine how we can move beyond the links between journal publishing and research assessment practices in academia, and who has responsibility to make this happen.

New ways of evaluating and rewarding research will be discussed, for example alternative engagement metrics, quantitative metrics for different evaluation contexts, aggregate indexes, responsible assessment, changing the way information is presented, and recognising diverse contributions to research.

Sir Philip Campbell FRS

Sir Philip Campbell FRS

Ex-Nature & Ex-Springer Nature

Professor Henk Kummeling

Professor Henk Kummeling

CoARA & Utrecht University

Dr Michele Avissar-Whiting

Dr Michele Avissar-Whiting

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Dr Rebecca Lawrence

Dr Rebecca Lawrence

DORA & F1000

11:30-12:30 International perspectives on publishing and scholarly communication

This session will examine how journal publishing and scholarly dissemination varies across geographical contexts. It will involve hearing a range of international perspectives on publishing and scholarly communication. Themes explored may include governance and policy frameworks, open access, resources, and multilingualism.

The globalisation of scientific publishing, communication and research has increased. Despite the emergence of significant numbers of researchers around the world, journals from the Global North are often associated with international and global-level prestige, whilst journals from the Global South tend to be perceived as local, national or regional in scope.

The current form of the scientific publishing system, the focus on the Journal Impact Factor to evaluate research, the dominance of commercial publishers, that English is the lingua France of science and scientific publishing, and the price of publishing have also resulted in a bias towards the outputs of the Global North.

Scholarly communication is fragmented due to various factors including regulatory differences, local systems of knowledge and knowledge creation, language, infrastructures, and geographies for collaborating.

Nations might have different incentive and business models, policy and regulatory environments that shape research and scientific dissemination, and are influenced by diverse geopolitical developments. It is necessary to understand the unique challenges and opportunities that exists in different geographical contexts to ensure the global reach and distribution of scientific publishing, knowledge, and research.

Dr Danny Kingsley

Dr Danny Kingsley

Deakin University Library

Mr Abel L Packer

Mr Abel L Packer

Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO)

Professor Jinghai Li ForMemRS

Professor Jinghai Li ForMemRS

The Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dr Valda Vinson

Dr Valda Vinson

American Association for the Advancement of Science

Ms Susan Murray

Ms Susan Murray

African Journals Online

12:30-13:30 Lunch
13:30-14:30 The economics of the publishing market, who pays, and how might it be made better?

The current publishing market is dominated by large commercial players who operate as oligopolies, which inflates system costs and creates access barriers. The volume of research outputs increases each year. Radical, agile responses are needed to emerging challenges, but established publishers are conservative organisations who generally benefit commercially by maintaining the status quo.

Open Access is established but progress is slowing. Much content is still behind paywalls. Different and incompatible approaches to Open Access are favoured in different global regions and no consensus is forming about preferred forms of Open Access. Additionally, there is disagreement about who should pay for Open Access and business models are multiplying, making it difficult for all stakeholders to manage a transition to Open Access. Large commercial publishers are operating very profitably in what looks like a ‘permanent transition to Open Access’.

This session will examine the economics of the publishing market and explore whether the market is working effectively, and/or what business models we should employ in future.

Professor Alison Noble CBE FREng FRS

Professor Alison Noble CBE FREng FRS

Foreign Secretary, Royal Society

Mr Liam Earney

Mr Liam Earney

Jisc

Professor Tommaso Valletti

Professor Tommaso Valletti

Imperial College London

Dr Richard Gallagher

Dr Richard Gallagher

Annual Reviews

Dr Mikael Laakso

Dr Mikael Laakso

Tampere University

14:30-15:30 Disciplinary differences

This session will explore how journal publication and scholarly dissemination vary across disciplines. Despite progress, challenges with disciplinary siloing remain which affect both the dissemination and impact of research.

Hearing from experts across a range of disciplines, discussion will cover the specific challenges and opportunities that exist in different disciplines, the role of different dissemination formats (journal articles, conference proceedings and preprints), and the scope to change peer review processes in different disciplines.

Professor Alison Noble CBE FREng FRS

Professor Alison Noble CBE FREng FRS

Foreign Secretary, Royal Society

Professor Sir Aziz Sheikh OBE FRSE FMedSci

Professor Sir Aziz Sheikh OBE FRSE FMedSci

University of Oxford

Professor Marta Kwiatkowska FRS

Professor Marta Kwiatkowska FRS

University of Oxford

Professor John Clarkson CBE FREng

Professor John Clarkson CBE FREng

University of Cambridge

Dr André Gaul

Dr André Gaul

EMS Press

15:30-16:00 Afternoon tea
16:00-17:00 Making the whole greater than the sum of the parts

This session will explore how to facilitate better collaboration across the publishing system. This may include discussion relating to the plethora business models and open access models, why unilateral approaches fail, and how to address differing values and goals of stakeholders.

The rapid proliferation of business models and open access models in scientific publishing makes collaboration more challenging, as stakeholders operate under different incentives, workflows and expectations. Unilateral, one-size-fits-all solutions often fail because they do not account for varied needs and goals of different stakeholders. Successful collaboration may require building trust, creating shared standards and interoperability, and creating flexible, modular solutions.

Ms Alison Mudditt

Ms Alison Mudditt

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Ms Claire Redhead

Ms Claire Redhead

OASPA

Dr Emma Wilson

Dr Emma Wilson

Royal Society of Chemistry

Ms Heather Joseph

Ms Heather Joseph

SPARC

Professor Johan Rooryck

Professor Johan Rooryck

Co-coordinator, European Diamond Capacity Hub

Chair

Mark Walport

Sir Mark Walport FRCP FMedSci HonFRSE FRS

The Royal Society

17:00-17:45 Discussion of key learnings second day

This plenary session will explore what the future might look like, and the potential policy actions and recommendations that might need to be implemented to prepare for these futures. The session will focus on a discussion of the scenarios for 2040.

17:45-18:00 Summary session